MF 1001

Energy Efficient Operation of Multifamily Building HVAC Systems

Credits: 2
Lecture: 10 hours
Class Exercises: 6 hours
Project: 4 hours
Total: 20 hours

Prerequisites: None

Class Description: Provides an overview of the fundamentals of building systems. Focuses on operation and preventive maintenance of envelope, heating, cooling, and ventilating systems typical in multifamily buildings. Introduces the importance of resident engagement in energy conservation.

PROJECT: HVAC Equipment Floor Plan

Learning Outcomes/Competencies:
At the completion of Energy Efficient Operation of Multifamily Building HVAC Systems, a participant will be able to:

  • Recall eligibility and certification requirements for earning the Building Operator Certification (BOC®) certification.
  • Describe the building operator’s role in achieving and sustaining energy-efficient building operations and recall current trends in the field of facility management.
  • Describe how a building’s systems and components correlate and interact with each other, with the building structure, its occupants, and the environment.
  • Discuss the benefits of preventive maintenance and troubleshooting service records programs for HVAC equipment.
  • Recall heat transfer methods and describe how climate influences load, operation, and maintenance of the building systems.
  • Recognize various environmental conditions that emphasize or challenge optimum occupant comfort and productivity and the energy efficient performance of the building’s air distribution systems (heating, cooling, and ventilation).
  • Recall building assessment techniques and proven retrofit approaches to reduce energy use.
  • Describe various energy sources currently in use for heating, cooling & ventilation and their impact on carbon dioxide emissions.
  • Explain troubleshooting and optimization approaches for heating and cooling units, systematic diagnostic procedures, and determination of repair needs.

Outline

Part A

  • 1. Energy Consumption
    • 1.1 Buildings Share of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption
    • 1.2 Trends in Building Operations
  • 2. BOC Credentials
    • 2.1 The Coursework
      • 2.1.1 Multifamily Level 1 Core Classes
      • 2.1.2 Level 1 Tests
      • 2.1.3 In-Facility Projects
      • 2.1.4 In-Class Activities
    • 2.2 BOC Level 1 Certificate
  • 3. Optimized Operations and Maintenance
    • 3.1 O&M Practices
      • 3.1.1 Elements of Effective O&M
      • 3.1.2 Operation Tasks
      • 3.1.3 Maintenance Tasks
      • 3.1.4 Value of O&M Best Practices
      • 3.1.5 Resources for O&M Practices
  • 4. Types of Maintenance
    • 4.1 Reactive Maintenance
    • 4.2 Preventative Maintenance
    • 4.3 Predictive Maintenance
    • 4.4 O&M Practices
  • 5. O&M Practices
    • 5.1 Case Study
    • 5.2 Multifamily Resident Satisfaction
  • 6. The Building Envelope
    • 6.1 Envelope Loads
    • 6.2 Air Leakage
      • 6.2.1 Exfiltration
      • 6.2.2 Infiltration
      • 6.2.3 Convective Heat Loss
      • 6.2.4 Building Heat Loss
      • 6.2.5 Upgrading the R-Value
      • 6.2.6 Heat Gain
      • 6.2.7 Typical Shell Priorities
  • 7. Thermal Comfort
    • 7.1 Non-Energy Benefits of Improved Thermal Comfort
    • 7.2 Thermal Comfort Standards
    • 7.3 Exercise 1A – Occupant Comfort Complaints
  • 8. Boiler Fundamentals
    • 8.1 Boiler Types
    • 8.2 Other Boiler Types
      • 8.2.1 Copper Fin Tube Boilers
      • 8.2.2 Boiler Control
    • 8.3 Exercise 1A – Occupant Comfort Complaints
    • 8.4 Steam Boilers
      • 8.4.1 Feedwater/Make-up Water
      • 8.4.2 Steam Distribution
      • 8.4.3 Steam Traps
      • 8.4.4 Condensate Return
      • 8.4.5 Steam Distribution Maintenance
      • 8.4.6 Steam Converter
    • 8.5 Combustion and Efficiency
      • 8.5.1 Combustion Fundamentals
      • 8.5.2 Combustion Control
      • 8.5.3 Forced and Induced Drafts Illustrated
      • 8.5.4 Forced Draft Industrial Boiler
      • 8.5.5 Induced Draft Residential Boiler
      • 8.5.6 Combustion Air Supply
      • 8.5.7 Ignition
      • 8.5.8 Flame Conditions
      • 8.5.9 Natural Draft
      • 8.5.10 Oil Burner Flame Conditions
      • 8.5.11 Oxygen VS CO2 Measurement
      • 8.5.12 Combustion Products
      • 8.5.13 Combustion Analysis
  • 9. Types of Maintenance
    • 9.1 Hot Water Boilers
    • 9.2 Boiler Maintenance
    • 9.3 Condensing Boilers
    • 9.4 Direct Vent Sealed Combustion
    • 9.5 Hot Water Distribution Methods
    • 9.6 Boiler Water Temperature
    • 9.7 Night Setback Effects
  • 10. High Performance HVAC Systems
    • 10.1 Furnaces, Package Units and Gas Packs
    • 10.2 Basic Furnace Components
    • 10.3 Rooftop Gas Pack Unit
    • 10.4 Combustion and Efficiency
    • 10.5 Furnace Maintenance
    • 10.6 Packaged HVAC Systems
    • 10.7 Common Failure Modes for HVAC Equipment
  • 11. Routine Maintenance
    • 11.1 Physical Inspections
    • 11.2 Functional Tests
    • 11.3 System Replacement
  • 12. Radiant Heating
  • 13. Exercise 1B – Hot Water Piping
  • 14. Exercise 1C – Steam Distribution System
  • 15. BOC MF1001 Part A Test

  • Part B

  • 16. Refrigerant-Based Equipment
    • 16.1 History and Evolution of Refrigerants
    • 16.2 Refrigeration Cycle Terms and Definitions
    • 16.3 Compressors
      • 16.3.1 Centrifugal Compressors
      • 16.3.2 Compressor Illustrations
      • 16.3.3 Reciprocating Compressors
      • 16.3.4 Helical Screw
    • 16.4 Evaporators
    • 16.5 Condensers
    • 16.6 Heat Pumps
      • 16.6.1 Reversible Refrigeration Cycle Illustration
      • 16.6.2 Heat Pump (Cooling)
      • 16.6.3 Heat Pump (Heating)
      • 16.6.4 Heat Pump Classification
      • 16.6.5 Ducted Heat Pump Systems
      • 16.6.6 Heat Pump Performance
      • 16.6.7 Packaged Heat Pump Rooftop Units
      • 16.6.8 Vertical Terminal Heat Pump
      • 16.6.9 Ducted Split Systems
      • 16.6.10 Water Source Heat Pumps
      • 16.6.11 Ground Source Heat Pumps
      • 16.6.12 Ductless Systems
        • 16.6.12.1 Ductless Mini-Split
        • 16.6.12.2 Packaged Terminal Heat Pump
        • 16.6.12.3 Variable Refrigerant Flow
    • 17. Domestic Hot Water
    • 18. Cooling Towers
      • 18.1 Cooling Tower Maintenance
      • 18.2 Cooling Tower Maintenance and Safety
    • 19. Chilled Water Systems
      • 19.1 Water Cooled Chiller
      • 19.2 Plate and Frame Water Cooled Condenser
      • 19.3 Maintenance and Optimizing
      • 19.4 Building Cooling Optimizing/li>
    • 20. Air Properties and Human Comfort
      • 20.1 ASHRAE Std.55 Comfort Chart
      • 20.2 ASHRAE Comfort Chart Basic Assumptions
    • 21. Ventilation for Indoor Air Quality
      • 21.1 Carbon Dioxide Vs Ventilation Rate
      • 21.2 Ventilation Energy Recovery
      • 21.3 Energy Recovery Ventilator
  • 22. Air Systems
    • 22.1 Types of Air Systems
    • 22.2 Building Pressurization and Exhaust Systems
    • 22.3 Pressurization in Multifamily Buildings
    • 22.4 Air System Fans
    • 22.5 Air System Pressure Reading
    • 22.6 Velocity Pressure to Velocity Conversion
    • 22.7 ASHRAE Fan Types
      • 22.7.1 Centrifugal Fans
      • 22.7.2 Axial Fans
    • 22.8 Controlling Varying Loads
    • 22.9 Air System Components
      • 22.9.1 Coils
      • 22.9.2 Air Filters
      • 22.9.3 Dampers
        • 22.9.3.1 Control and Air Flow Dampers
        • 22.9.3.2 Damper Illustrations
        • 22.9.3.3 Damper Maintenance
        • 22.9.3.4 Energy Saving Damper
      • 22.9.4 Air System Terminals
        • 22.9.4.1 Fan Powered VAV Terminal Unit
        • 22.9.4.2 Common Mistakes in VAV Box Operation
        • 22.9.4.3 Air Outlets and Inlets
        • 22.9.4.4 Mixing Air Diffusers
        • 22.9.4.5 Diffuser Throw
    • 23. Energy Conservation Considerations
      • 23.1 Air-Side Economizer
      • 23.2 Packaged Unit Economizer
    • 24. HVAC Installations: The Final Steps
      • 24.1 HVAC System Start-up
      • 24.2 Test and Balance
    • 25. Project Section
    • 26. BOC MF1001 Part B Test